Ultra fractal tutorials beginner5/29/2023 It relies on two components-electromagnetic radiation in the visible range combined with a photosensitizer as an additive-to unfold the antimicrobial effect. Photodynamic inactivation (PDI), for example, is a novel and effective physicochemical therapeutic option. Skin diseases associated with Malassezia species are chronic and recurrent disorders, requiring repeated therapy. Conventional therapeutic countermeasures for the treatment of diseases, such as Malassezia folliculitis, Pityriasis versicolor, dandruff, and Seborrheic dermatitis, rely on azoles (antifungal agents such as ketoconazole, itraconazole, fluconazole, etc.), which have an inhibitory effect against Malassezia species. furfur.Īntimicrobial peptides of the hBD family are expressed in all human epithelial tissues as they represent an ancient branch of the innate immune system whose role is to promptly neutralize invading microbes. furfur upregulated the gene expression of IL-8 (along with toll-like receptor (TLR-2) and human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) when co-cultured with M. globosa induced the expression of IL-6 in normal human epidermal keratinocytes (NHEKs), while Baroni et al. Hence, Malassezia species may act as controllers of innate immunity. IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) are also important chemical mediators, which are secreted by activated keratinocytes in the acute inflammatory phase and during the healing process of skin lesions alike. Interleukin-(IL)-8, a potent chemoattractant for neutrophils, has been shown to be expressed from keratinocytes in psoriasis and via the stimulation of other cytokines. Keratinocytes secrete a number of soluble factors that are capable of modulating an immune response. At the same time, it acts also as a chemical barrier by providing cytokines/chemokines, proteases, and antimicrobial peptides/proteins. The skin, as a physical barrier, is impermeable to most pathogens and thus is the first line of defense. The oscillatory properties of water dipoles modulated by weak electromagnetic stimuli not only affect biochemical processes, but also pave the way for a more general understanding of the observed nonthermal effects in biota. Given that living systems consist mainly of water and within the framework of QED, this water, as a biphasic system, provides the basis for electromagnetic coupling. The underlying principle of action becomes understandable by means of quantum electrodynamics (QED). The findings suggest that the underlying principle of action is hormetic in nature and that this method might be an adjunctive therapeutic tool to modulate the inflammatory properties of Malassezia in related cutaneous diseases. Real-time PCR analysis demonstrated that a uwf-EMF exposure is able to modulate human-β-defensin-2 (hBD-2) in treated keratinocytes and at the same time reduce the expression of proinflammatory cytokines in human keratinocytes. Using a microbiological assay, it was possible to demonstrate that, under the influence of uwf-EMF, the invasiveness of M. furfur was drastically reduced (d = 2.456, p < 0.001), while at the same time, its growth dynamic after 72 h having been in contact with HaCaT cells both without (d = 0.211, p = 0.390) and with (d = 0.118, p = 0.438) uwf-EM exposure, were hardly affected. The ability to modulate inflammation and innate immunity in normal human keratinocytes was also investigated. In this study, we analysed the effect of ultra-weak fractal electromagnetic (uwf-EMF) field exposure (12.6 nT covering 0.5 to 20 kHz) on the growth dynamics and invasiveness of M. furfur. However, under adverse conditions, these fungi can be involved in various cutaneous diseases. are dimorphic, lipophilic fungi that are part of the normal human cutaneous commensal microbiome.
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